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Contents 1 wxFFile 1.1 Newlines 1.1.1 Example 1.2 Reading in newlines 1.3 File Modes 1.4 Utilities 1.5 Other resources

[edit] wxFFile

[edit] Newlines

Different platforms have different newline characters (characters that end a line of text).

Operating System	Newline Type	Newline Character(s)	Hex
Mac Classic	Carriage Return	'\r'	0D
Windows	Carriage Return + Line Feed	"\r\n"	0D 0A
Unix & Mac OS X	Line Feed	'\n'	0A

[edit] Example

---

A Line
Line 2

---

Original	A		L	i	n	e	[newline]	L	i	n	e	2
Mac Classic	41	20	4C	69	6E	65	0D	4C	69	6E	65	32
Windows	41	20	4C	69	6E	65	0D 0A	4C	69	6E	65	32
Unix & Mac OS X	41	20	4C	69	6E	65	0A	4C	69	6E	65	32

[edit] Reading in newlines

By default, most (all?) standard C libraries read files in via text mode by default, and when reading in a newline from a file in a non-unix platform (such as windows) will read in the newline character combo (such as "\r\n") as '\n'.

For instance, in the example above, [newline] would always be 0A.

---

A Line
Line 2

---

Original	A		L	i	n	e	[newline]	L	i	n	e	2
Mac Classic	41	20	4C	69	6E	65	0A	4C	69	6E	65	32
Windows	41	20	4C	69	6E	65	0A	4C	69	6E	65	32
Unix & Mac OS X	41	20	4C	69	6E	65	0A	4C	69	6E	65	32

---

This can be a problem when you want to read text files portably.

wxFFile, since it is a simple wrapper around standard c library functions, will mimic this behaviour.

In order to read files in as binary (no translation of newlines), put a "b" at the end (postfix) of your file access string to read the file in binary mode instead of text mode ("r" becomes "rb", "w" = "wb", etc.).

[edit] File Modes

wxFFile is a simple wrapper around the standard c library function fopen and uses all of its file modes.

"r"	Open an existing file for read.
"w"	Open a file for write. An existing file will be overwritten.
"a"	Open a file for append. Create the file if it doesn't exit. All writes occur at the end of the file.
"r+"	Open an existing file for read/write.
"w+"	Open an empty file for read/write. An existing file will be overwritten.
"a+"	Open an existing file for read/append. The entire file is available for read, but all writes occur at the end of the file. The file is created if it doesn't exist

The following options can be combined with the options shown above.

"t"	Open the file in text mode.
"b"	Open the file in binary mode.

[edit] Utilities

• Flip - useful (command-line) newline conversion programs with full public domain source
  • http://ccrma.stanford.edu/~craig/utility/flip/

• There are countless visual studio add-ons that will convert newlines for you
  • One of the more popular ones is strim'em
    • http://www.codeproject.com/macro/stripem.asp&e=912

[edit] Other resources

• For char-to-hex conversion
  • http://asciitable.com